The origin of medicine, “the art of healing,” is best explained in the various types of medicine as a matter of course in the review of the
. Know your past so you can best take care of today and the future. That is true as well in taking a look into the history of Medicine. .The history of Medicine in Herbalism There is no actual record of when the use of plants for medicinal purposes first started, although the first generally accepted use of plants as depicted in the cave paintings discovered in the caves in France have been between 13,000 - 25,000 BCE. The history of Medicine in India In Pakistan, archeologists made the discovery that the people of Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300 BC), had knowledge of medicine and dentistry. Ayurveda (the science of living), is the literate, scholarly system of medicine that originated over 2000 years ago in South Asia. The āyurvedic classics spoke of eight branches of medicine: internal medicine, surgery including anatomy, eye, ear, nose and throat diseases, pediatrics, spirit medicine and toxicology, science of rejuvenation, and aphrodesiacs, mainly for men. The
in Egypt The earliest known surgery in Egypt was performed around 2750 BC. Imhotep in the Third Dynasty is credited as the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine and the original author of Edwin Smith papyrus, detailing cures, ailments and anatomical observations. It is an ancient textbook on surgery and describes in exquisite detail the examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of numerous ailments. The earliest known physician is also credited to ancient Egypt Hesyre, “Chief of Dentists and Physicians” for King Djoser in the 27th Century BC. Also, the earliest known woman physician, Peseshet, practiced in Ancient Egypt at the time of the Fourth Dynasty. Her title was “Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians.”. The history of Medicine in Persia The first generation of Persian physicians was trained at the Academy of Jundishapur, where the teaching hospital has sometimes been claimed to have been invented. However, some scholars dispute the importance or even the existence of an ``academy at Jundishapur. The history of Medicine of Chinese medicine Much of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine derived from empirical observations of disease and illness by Taoist physicians and reflects the classical Chinese belief that individual human experiences express causative principles effective in the environment at all scales. These causative principles, whether material, essential, or mystical, correlate as the expression of the natural order of the universe. The history of Medicine in Hebrew Most of our knowledge of ancient Hebrew medicine during the 1st millennium BC comes from the Old Testament of the Bible which contain various health related laws and rituals, such as isolating infected people (Leviticus 13:45-46), washing after handling a dead body. The history of Medicine in Early Europe Astrology played a very important part in early Western medicine; most university-educated physicians were trained in at least the basics of astrology to use in their practice Medieval medicine was an evolving mixture of the scientific and the spiritual. Medicine was consequently looked upon more as a handicraft than as a science. Medicine did, nevertheless, establish itself as a faculty, along with law and theology in the first European Universities from the 12th century. The history of Medicine in Islam Unani medicine is the ancient system of medicine which is based on arabic and Persian teaching and is widely practiced in India. The
in European Renaissance and Enlightenment medicine This idea of medicine was challenged in Europe by the rise of experimental investigation, principally in dissection, examining bodies in a manner alien to other cultures. Few effective drugs existed, beyond opium and quinine, folklore cures and almost or actually poisonous metal-based compounds were popular, if useless, treatments.
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